There are some cultures where people explain the meaning of what is being discussed in depth, with the assumption that the listener may not know about the topic. These are referred to as "high-context" cultures. In "low-context" cultures, speakers assume their listeners understand what they are talking about, thus eliminating the need to explain everything.
In some cultures, people speak in a direct manner, saying exactly what they mean. In indirect cultures, there is a preference to be more nuanced about language and discuss things in a roundabout way.
Although many cultures expect some degree of politeness when people speak to one another, some cultures put more weight on polite conversation than others. In some cases, the amount of politeness expected in interactions depends on the nature of a relationship.
In some cultures, it’s important to allow people to "save face" through verbal messages designed to protect their image. In these cultures, people do not want to embarrass each other, so they will avoid open criticism and offer many opportunities to save face.
In cultures that prefer formality in verbal interactions, there is a protocol when speaking to others that is expected to be followed, especially when dealing with superiors. Informal cultures do not have these channels and everyone is treated equally in an interaction.