Because architecture programs are usually competitive, they often require potential students to submit a portfolio of their design work as part of their application. Most architecture programs will look for previous studies in a design-related field, particularly art courses. Previous classwork in sculpture or drawing is particularly helpful in securing acceptance to an architecture program. Courses in math and physics are also important prerequisites for such programs.
There are two undergraduate degrees available in architecture: the four-year bachelor of science in architecture (B.S.Arch.) and the five-year bachelor of architecture (B.Arch.). The primary difference between the two courses is one of accreditation: the B.Arch. is a professional degree that allows for licensing after several years of training whereas the B.S.Arch. does not allow licensing without a master's-level degree.
Both B.Arch. and B.S.Arch. programs include a number of core elements, including classes in computer drafting, construction materials, physics and architectural design. Both programs include classes involving the production of structural models. The B.Arch. adds an additional theoretical element to the core curriculum of materials and design. B.Arch. programs include courses on architectural theory and history, supplementing the practical aspects of architecture with its artistic elements.
The master of architecture (M.Arch.) degree is a two-year graduate program that qualifies its graduates for professional licensing following a period of professional training. This degree is a requirement for B.S.Arch. degree holders looking to go into the profession. The curriculum of the M.Arch. program provides advanced training in the same subjects as the bachelor's programs, such as 3D modeling, architectural theory and construction materials. The master's program may also include courses on city planning and urban design. Finally, master's programs include an increased emphasis on research and applied design. Students are expected to apply the principles of architecture they have learned to create more complete and detailed projects.