How to Cite a Professional Discussion

Citing the sources you use for any work that is not entirely your own not only helps you avoid plagiarism. It can also prevent you from being sued for taking credit for someone else's copyrighted Citing the sources you use for any written work that is not entirely your own is a fundamental rule of professional writing. Plagiarism, or claiming someone else's work as your own, can open you up to legal action, and it destroys your credibility as a researcher or writer. However, citing sources can be difficult, particularly if the material you are citing comes from a discussion among professionals or experts. Fortunately, the most commonly used citation style guides, the American Psychological Association (APA) guide, the Modern Languages Association (MLA) guide and the Chicago Manual of Style, offer clear methods for citing discussions.. The three most commonly used citation styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago. Citing a professional discussion can be confusing because professional discussions are references that cannot be checked by the reader. Fortunately, each citation style prescribes a specific way of citing these references.

Instructions

    • 1

      Consult the APA style guide for written material on social sciences. APA does not require professional discussions to be listed among an article's other references. Instead, they are referred to in the body of the article in parenthetical references. The correct format is to place the first initial and last name of the source followed by a comma and the words, "personal communication," followed by another comma and the date of the communication. For example, if you interviewed a scientist named Amelia Johnson on March 5, 2011, the parenthetical citation will look like this: (A. Johnson, personal communication, March 5, 2011). APA also recommends that writers introduce these sources and include details about why they were cited. When you introduce a source by name, you do not have to cite the name in the parenthetical citation. For example, you could write, "Amelia Johnson, a molecular biologist, points out that many genes experience mutations (personal communication, March 5, 2011)."

    • 2

      Use the MLA style guide for topics in the field of humanities, particularly for works relating to language or literature. MLA requires that professional discussions be cited on a "Works Cited" page as well as in parenthetical citations. For parenthetical citations, simply give the last name of the author. When citing professional discussions on the "Works Cited" page, give the last name and first name of the source separated by a comma and followed by a period, the type of communication followed by another period and the date of the discussion. MLA format requires that the day come before the month in dates. For example, when citing an interview with an expert named Mary Smith from May 1, 2010, the citation would look like this: Smith, Mary. Telephone Interview. 1 May 2010. Note that MLA format requires that the specific context in which the discussion occurred must be cited. If you conducted an interview, note whether it occurred over the phone with, "telephone interview" or in person with, "personal interview." Professional meetings can be cited a, "personal communication."

    • 3

      Refer to the Chicago Manual Style, a guide published by the University of Chicago and widely used in academic and commercial publishing, when writing works in the arts and humanities fields. Rather than parenthetical citations, Chicago style uses footnotes. In the footnote, place the name of the person conducting the professional discussion, the name of the person who interviewed them or witnessed the discussion, the date of the discussion and the place of the discussion. For example, a footnote could read, "Mark Smith, interview by Mary Doe, 16 May 2011, University of Chicago." Do not cite unpublished professional discussions on the bibliography page.

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