How to Overburden Wiring

In electrical wiring, it is essential to size wire gauges depending on the amount of voltage and current they will carry. If the wire gauge is larger than needed, it will be more expensive than necessary as well as potentially providing too much resistance to the flow of small amounts of current. If the wire gauge is too light for the amount of current forced through it, it will become overloaded, heat up and may cause a fire. In an educational scenario, making an overburdened wiring experiment can make the importance of sizing wiring correctly crystal clear to your students.

Things You'll Need

  • Fire extinguisher
  • Power source (12 volts DC, 20 amp output)
  • 22 gauge wire
  • 12-volt, 20 amp DC motor
  • Laser pyrometer
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Instructions

    • 1

      Connect a length of 22 gauge wire between the positive terminal on the power supply and the positive terminal on the electric motor.

    • 2

      Connect another length of 22 gauge wire between the negative terminal on the power supply and the negative terminal on the electric motor. Keep both wires elevated off the work surface and ensure that nothing is touching them, as they will heat up very quickly and could cause something combustible touching them to catch on fire.

    • 3

      Turn on the power supply. Set it to output 20 amps at 12 volts. Turn on the electric motor at the switch. When the motor is turned on, it will begin drawing the current that the power supply is outputting. 240 watts (12 volts x 20 amps) of power will flow from the power supply to the motor, overloading the light gauge wiring. The plastic shielding on the wires will melt and the wires will become hot and may even break, opening and shutting down the circuit.

    • 4

      With a laser pyrometer, point it at the wiring and read the temperature it displays. This experiment will show students the importance of sizing wiring appropriately, as fire or damage to the circuit will occur if too much power is fed through wires that are inappropriately small.

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