1. Humanism: This is arguably the most defining feature. Renaissance writers shifted focus from the purely religious concerns of the medieval period towards human experience, potential, and achievement. This manifested in a celebration of human reason, emotion, and individuality. Classical learning, especially Greek and Roman literature and philosophy, was intensely studied and emulated.
2. Classicism: Writers consciously imitated the style and forms of classical antiquity. This influenced prose and poetry, leading to a preference for balanced sentences, elegant phrasing, and the use of rhetorical devices like metaphors, similes, and allusions drawn from Greek and Roman sources. Specific forms like the sonnet (from Italian) and the essay (from Montaigne) gained popularity.
3. Realism and Naturalism: While not always strictly realistic in the modern sense, Renaissance writers moved towards greater depictions of the physical world and human psychology than medieval writers. This is evident in both descriptive passages and character development. However, the level of realism varied significantly.
4. Vernacular Languages: Though Latin remained important for scholarly works, there was a significant growth in the use of vernacular languages (Italian, French, Spanish, English, etc.) for a wider audience. This broadened access to literature and fostered the development of national literatures.
5. Patronage: Many Renaissance writers depended on the patronage of wealthy individuals or the Church. This influence sometimes affected their subject matter and style, leading to works that celebrated the power and accomplishments of their patrons.
6. Wit and Wordplay: Renaissance writers often displayed a high degree of wit and wordplay. They were masters of rhetoric and used elaborate language to create vivid and memorable effects. Puns, paradoxes, and other forms of linguistic dexterity were common.
Examples of the style in different genres:
* Poetry: The sonnet, epic poems (like *Orlando Furioso*), and lyrical poems all flourished, employing classical forms and themes while expressing humanist values.
* Drama: Shakespeare's plays exemplify the Renaissance style, with its blend of realism, wit, classical allusions, and exploration of human emotions.
* Prose: Works like Machiavelli's *The Prince* demonstrate a clear, direct style that combines political theory with realistic observations of human behavior. Essays, like those by Montaigne, were characterized by personal reflection and elegant prose.
It's important to remember that the Renaissance was a long period (roughly 14th-17th centuries) with diverse styles. Early Renaissance writing might show stronger medieval influences, while later Renaissance writing anticipates the stylistic changes of the Baroque period. The features mentioned above provide a general overview of common trends rather than a rigid set of rules.