Here's why:
* Specificity: Capitalization helps distinguish the theory as a named concept rather than just a general idea.
* Clarity: It makes it clear you're referring to the specific theoretical framework, not just a general concept related to the topic.
* Convention: This is the standard practice in academic writing and literary criticism.
Example:
* Incorrect: "The book was analyzed using marxism."
* Correct: "The book was analyzed using Marxism."
However:
You would not capitalize these terms if you are using them as adjectives or general concepts.
* Correct: "The novel presents a Marxist perspective on class struggles." (Here, "Marxist" is used as an adjective describing the perspective.)
* Correct: "Feminist ideas have influenced literary analysis for decades." (Here, "feminist" is used as a general concept.)