* Metaphor for the Salem witch trials: A crucible is a vessel used for melting and refining metals. In the play, the Salem witch trials are likened to a crucible, where the community is subjected to intense pressure, testing their moral values and beliefs. Just as metal is purified through fire, the trials are meant to be a test of faith and virtue, but they ultimately lead to destruction and chaos.
* Highlighting the destructive nature of mass hysteria: The crucible also represents the intense heat and pressure of mass hysteria. It signifies the unyielding power of unfounded accusations and the rapid escalation of fear and paranoia that led to the tragic events in Salem.
* Reflecting on the McCarthy era: While set in 17th century Salem, the play serves as an allegory for the McCarthy era (1950s) and the Red Scare in America. Miller drew parallels between the Salem witch trials and the McCarthyist witch hunts, where people were accused of being communists without due process.
By using the word "crucible," Miller created a powerful and evocative title that captures the essence of the play's themes. It symbolizes the intense pressure, moral testing, and destructive nature of mass hysteria and political persecution.