1. For comedic effect: Clichés, when used in a humorous context, can be incredibly funny. They often rely on audience familiarity and expectation, allowing the author to play with those expectations and create humorous situations. Think of the "dumb blonde" cliché, or the "evil stepmother" trope – these can be highly amusing when employed cleverly.
2. To highlight societal biases: Using a cliché can be a way for the author to expose and critique societal stereotypes and prejudices. By presenting a character that embodies a cliché, the author can challenge the audience's assumptions and encourage critical thinking about these often-harmful generalizations.
3. To create an ironic or subversive effect: By subverting a cliché, the author can create a surprising and thought-provoking effect. This might involve taking a typical character archetype and giving them unexpected traits, motivations, or actions. For example, a "damsel in distress" character who actually rescues herself, or a "tough guy" who shows unexpected vulnerability.
4. As a plot device: Clichés can be used as a shortcut to convey information about a character or situation quickly. For instance, a "mad scientist" character instantly evokes a sense of danger and potential for chaotic invention.
5. As a reflection of the character's own limited perspective: Sometimes, a character's reliance on clichés might reflect their own naivete, limited worldview, or social conditioning. This can be used to develop a character's arc, showing them growing and becoming more aware of the complexities of the world.
6. As a homage to a genre or tradition: Some authors might use clichés intentionally as a nod to the conventions of a particular genre or literary tradition. This can be a playful wink to the audience, acknowledging the familiar tropes while still offering something new and unique.
It's important to note that while clichés can be effective when used strategically, overuse or reliance on them can make a story predictable and uninspired. A good author will use clichés sparingly and with a clear purpose in mind, ensuring that they contribute to the overall narrative and character development.