1. Social Realism: All three were deeply interested in exploring the realities of American society and the complexities of human experience. They often used their writing to expose social injustices, critique societal norms, and shed light on the challenges faced by individuals navigating a rapidly changing world.
* Dreiser: Focused on the harsh realities of poverty, industrialization, and the struggles of the working class. His novels like *Sister Carrie* and *An American Tragedy* depict the destructive power of social forces and the limitations of individual agency.
* Wharton: Explored the intricacies of class and gender dynamics within the upper echelons of American society. Her novels like *The Age of Innocence* and *House of Mirth* expose the hypocrisy and constraints of the gilded age.
* Croly: Advocated for progressive reform through his writing and activism. His magazine, *The New Republic*, played a significant role in shaping the intellectual landscape of the time and promoted social justice, political reform, and economic regulation.
2. Critique of American Idealism: Despite their varied backgrounds, all three challenged the prevailing American ideals of individualism, optimism, and upward mobility. They questioned the assumption of progress and exposed the underlying social and economic inequalities that often contradicted the American Dream.
* Dreiser: Argued that societal structures often trap individuals and limit their potential for success, regardless of hard work and talent.
* Wharton: Highlighted the limitations imposed on women by social conventions and the corrosive effects of societal pressure on individuals.
* Croly: Advocated for a more active and interventionist government to address social problems and create a more just and equitable society.
3. Influence of the Progressive Era: Their writing and activism were significantly influenced by the Progressive Era, a period of social and political reform in the early 20th century. They all embraced the progressive values of social justice, government intervention, and individual responsibility.
* Dreiser: His novels served as social critiques and encouraged public discourse on issues like poverty and labor conditions.
* Wharton: Her novels explored the consequences of social inequality and the need for reform in areas like education and healthcare.
* Croly: His magazine and writings promoted progressive ideas and shaped the intellectual landscape of the time.
In conclusion, Theodore Dreiser, Edith Wharton, and Herbert Croly, although distinct in their styles and perspectives, were united by their commitment to social realism, their critique of American idealism, and their engagement with the social and political issues of the Progressive Era. They used their writing and activism to shed light on the complexities of American society and advocate for a more just and equitable world.