However, several writers challenged and criticized the dominant political ideologies of the time, which included:
* The Roaring Twenties' exuberance and materialism: Writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby) and Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises) depicted the disillusionment and moral decay underneath the surface of the era's glamour.
* The rise of consumerism and mass culture: Sinclair Lewis (Babbitt) satirized the shallowness and conformity of American middle-class life, while H.L. Mencken was a scathing critic of American society, culture, and politics.
* The political conservatism and social restrictions: Theodore Dreiser (An American Tragedy) exposed the harsh realities of poverty and social injustice, while Sherwood Anderson (Winesburg, Ohio) explored the stifled lives and desires of individuals in small-town America.
* The growing disillusionment with war and its aftermath: Erich Maria Remarque (All Quiet on the Western Front) provided a stark and unflinching portrayal of the horrors of World War I, while William Faulkner (The Sound and the Fury) explored the psychological impact of war on individuals and communities.
Ultimately, the writers who challenged the politics of the 1920s weren't simply trying to "discredit" them. They were attempting to reveal the complexities and contradictions of the era, exposing the human cost of social and political choices. They offered critical perspectives that forced readers to question the dominant narratives and consider alternative realities.