Here's how they work:
* Form mirrors content: The shape of the poem itself directly reflects the subject matter. For example, a poem about a tree might be shaped like a tree, a poem about a waterfall might cascade down the page, or a poem about a bird might be arranged in the shape of a bird in flight.
* Visual impact: The visual presentation is not merely decorative but integral to the meaning. The shape adds an extra layer of understanding, enhancing the reader's experience beyond just the words themselves.
* Synergy: The form and content work together to create a unified artistic expression. The visual elements, like the shape of the poem, reinforce and enhance the message conveyed through the words.
Here are some specific examples:
* "The Fish" by Elizabeth Bishop: The poem's shape echoes the form of a fish, emphasizing the creature's physical presence and the speaker's detailed observation.
* "I Carry Your Heart With Me" by E.E. Cummings: The poem's form resembles a heart, visually symbolizing the enduring nature of love.
In essence, concrete poetry demonstrates that form is not just a superficial element. It can be a powerful tool to reinforce, enhance, and even redefine the meaning of the poem.