* The Speaker: The poem is written in the first person, but it's not clear who the speaker is. It's possible to read it as a collective voice, representing humanity as a whole. Alternatively, it could be seen as a specific individual reflecting on the state of the world.
* Observation and Detachment: The speaker often observes events from a distance, adopting a somewhat detached and even cynical tone. This distance allows for a critical examination of human behavior and the political climate.
* Addressing "We" and "They": The speaker frequently addresses the audience using "we," creating a sense of shared responsibility and experience. This "we" is contrasted with "they," those in power who are responsible for the impending war.
* Historical Context: The poem's perspective is heavily influenced by the historical context of September 1st, 1939, the day World War II began. The speaker's anxieties, fears, and observations are directly shaped by the political and social realities of the time.
* Shifting Tone: The tone of the poem shifts throughout, moving between despair, resignation, and occasional hope. This reflects the speaker's internal struggle to understand and cope with the unfolding events.
Key Points to Remember:
* The poem doesn't offer a simple or definitive answer. It explores the complexities of human nature, the fragility of peace, and the weight of history.
* Auden uses a variety of techniques, including irony, paradox, and ambiguity, to create a multi-faceted perspective.
* The poem is a reflection on the human condition, particularly in times of crisis and despair.
Ultimately, the beauty of Auden's poem lies in its capacity to resonate with readers on multiple levels. It's a poem that challenges, provokes, and leaves us with more questions than answers, forcing us to confront our own perspectives and responsibilities in the face of global conflict.