T.S. Eliot's *Murder in the Cathedral* is a complex and multifaceted play that has attracted a wealth of literary criticism. Here's a breakdown of some key themes and critical perspectives:
Themes and Motifs:
* Religious Faith and Doubt: The play explores the internal conflict of Thomas Becket, torn between his loyalty to the King and his commitment to God. This conflict mirrors the larger struggle between secular and religious power, and the internal struggles of individuals grappling with their own faith.
* Martyrdom and Sacrifice: Becket's assassination is portrayed as a martyrdom, highlighting the theme of sacrifice for one's beliefs. The play explores the complexities of martyrdom, questioning whether it is a noble act or a form of self-indulgence.
* Guilt and Redemption: The play delves into the guilt of the Knights who kill Becket, their internal struggles with their actions, and the potential for redemption.
* The Nature of Power: The play examines the corrupting influence of power, both secular and religious, and the dangers of using violence to achieve political ends.
* The Role of the Chorus: The Chorus serves as a reflection of the community, voicing their opinions and anxieties. They also provide commentary on the events, highlighting the moral implications and the consequences of Becket's actions.
Critical Perspectives:
* Religious Interpretation: Many critics have focused on the play's religious themes, interpreting it as a meditation on faith, martyrdom, and the relationship between God and humanity. The use of liturgical elements and the focus on Becket's spiritual journey reinforces this interpretation.
* Political Interpretation: Others have emphasized the play's political aspects, seeing it as a critique of the abuses of power and a warning against the dangers of tyranny. The portrayal of Henry II and the Knights as corrupt and self-serving supports this view.
* Psychological Interpretation: Some critics have examined the psychological motivations of the characters, particularly Becket's internal struggle with his faith and his desire for martyrdom. They see the play as a study of the human psyche in the face of complex moral dilemmas.
* Formalist Interpretation: Others focus on the play's formal structure, noting its poetic language, its use of symbolism, and its blend of realism and stylization. They appreciate the play's artistic qualities and its innovative approach to dramatic form.
Important Critical Points:
* Eliot's Personal Beliefs: Eliot's own religious beliefs and his growing disillusionment with modern society are evident in the play. Critics have argued that the play reflects his own search for meaning and purpose in a world that he saw as increasingly chaotic.
* The Play's Ambiguity: The play is often interpreted as ambiguous, leaving the audience to grapple with its complex themes and the characters' motivations. This ambiguity contributes to the play's lasting impact and its ability to resonate with different audiences.
Overall, *Murder in the Cathedral* is a rich and complex play that continues to inspire critical debate. Its exploration of faith, power, and sacrifice remains relevant today, making it a work that can be read and re-read with new insights each time.
Further Reading:
* T.S. Eliot's "Murder in the Cathedral" by Donald G. Entwistle
* The Plays of T.S. Eliot by Grover Smith
* The Religious Plays of T.S. Eliot by J.C. Maxwell
This information should provide a good starting point for your own exploration of the play's critical reception and its lasting significance in literary history.