Positive Portrayals:
1. Cultural Diversity: Kipling acknowledges the rich cultural heritage and diversity of the native peoples he encounters. He writes about their "ancient runes," "storied temples," and "customs of their clan." This recognition of cultural differences suggests a certain level of respect for their traditions and identities.
2. Noble Qualities: In certain instances, Kipling portrays native individuals as possessing noble qualities such as bravery, loyalty, and wisdom. For example, he describes how they "know the worth of simple life," "can rule their wilds," and are skilled in "savage warfare." These attributions challenge stereotypes of native peoples as primitive or inferior.
Negative Portrayals:
1. Paternalistic Viewpoint: Kipling's poem adopts a paternalistic stance, suggesting that the "white man" has a moral obligation to "civilize" and uplift the "lesser breeds" (non-European peoples). This viewpoint reflects the prevalent colonialist mindset of the era.
2. Racist Undertones: Some passages in the poem contain racist undertones, referring to native peoples as "half-devil and half-child," "new-caught, sullen peoples," and "patient, cunning, and savage." These descriptions perpetuate stereotypes and reinforce a hierarchy based on race.
3. Dependence on White Rule: Kipling implies that native peoples are incapable of self-governance and require "Western guidance" to progress. This perspective aligns with the prevailing belief in the superiority of European civilization and the need to "civilize" non-Western societies.
Overall, Kipling's characterization of native peoples is a product of the colonial context in which he lived. While he acknowledges their cultural diversity and acknowledges some positive qualities, his poem is fundamentally shaped by the dominant Eurocentric ideologies of his time.