- The shipwrecked: Phillip Enright and Timothy, an older black man from the West Indies, are stranded on a small isolated cay (island) after a German U-boat sinks their ship during World War II. Initially, the harsh environment creates a struggle for survival.
- The worsening condition of Phillip: Phillip is injured during the sinking, and his vision deteriorates due to a detached retina. He becomes increasingly dependent on Timothy for survival and guidance on the island.
- Timothy's wisdom and survival skills: Timothy demonstrates remarkable survival skills, drawing on his knowledge of nature and using his creativity to construct shelter, find food, and catch fish. He teaches Phillip about the cay's ecosystem.
- The fear of sharks and the approaching storm: They face various dangers, including the constant fear of sharks, fierce storms, and limited resources. These challenges test their resilience and resourcefulness.
- Phillip's emotional and physical struggles: Phillip struggles with feelings of isolation, hopelessness, and anger due to his blindness. He clashes with Timothy, and they encounter moments of conflict as their personalities and perspectives collide.
- The growing bond and trust between Phillip and Timothy: Despite their initial differences, Phillip and Timothy develop a deep and genuine friendship. They learn from and rely on each other, and their relationship evolves from mutual necessity to profound compassion.
These events and conflicts create a rising tension and anticipation as the characters navigate their survival journey and face internal and external obstacles. The rising action culminates in a series of events that lead to the turning point and eventual climax of the story.