1. Chronological Order: Events are presented in the order in which they happened.
* Example: A biography of a historical figure, detailing their life from birth to death.
* Signal words: First, next, then, after, finally, later, before, during.
2. Cause and Effect: Explains why something happens (cause) and what results from it (effect).
* Example: An article explaining the causes of climate change and the potential effects.
* Signal words: Because, since, as a result, therefore, so, consequently, due to, leads to.
3. Compare and Contrast: Examines the similarities and differences between two or more things.
* Example: A textbook chapter comparing and contrasting two different types of governments.
* Signal words: Similar to, different from, alike, in contrast, on the other hand, both, while, whereas.
4. Problem and Solution: Identifies a problem and then proposes solutions.
* Example: A newspaper article describing the problem of traffic congestion and suggesting possible solutions.
* Signal words: Problem, issue, solution, answer, resolve, address, remedy, fix.
5. Descriptive: Provides a detailed description of a person, place, or thing.
* Example: A travel brochure describing a scenic destination.
* Signal words: Look, feel, smell, taste, sound, shape, size, color, texture.
It's important to note that non-fiction writing can often combine multiple text structures within a single piece.