* Expository: This type of writing aims to inform, explain, or clarify a topic. It often uses facts, statistics, examples, and definitions to present information objectively. Think of textbooks, articles, reports, and how-to guides.
* Persuasive: This writing seeks to convince the reader to agree with a particular viewpoint or take action. It uses evidence, logic, and emotional appeals to build a compelling argument. Examples include editorials, opinion pieces, and speeches.
* Descriptive: This writing uses vivid language and sensory details to create a clear picture in the reader's mind. It focuses on capturing the essence of a person, place, object, or experience. Examples include travel writing, nature writing, and memoirs.
* Narrative: This type of writing tells a story based on real events. It uses elements of plot, character, setting, and conflict to engage the reader. Examples include biographies, autobiographies, and historical accounts.
Examples of how nonfiction writing can combine these modes:
* A biography: This could be narrative (telling the life story of a person), descriptive (painting a picture of their personality and environment), and expository (explaining their achievements and impact).
* A travel article: This could be descriptive (describing a place), narrative (recounting a personal experience), and persuasive (encouraging the reader to visit).
* A scientific article: This is primarily expository (explaining research findings) but could also use descriptive language to illustrate concepts and narrative elements to highlight a specific experiment or discovery.
Ultimately, the most effective nonfiction writing often combines these modes to create a compelling and engaging experience for the reader.