1. Gothic Horror Tradition: Mary Shelley was influenced by the Gothic horror genre, which was popular in literature at the time. Gothic novels often explored themes of darkness, mystery, and the supernatural. Frankenstein can be seen as a Gothic novel, as it features elements such as a haunted castle, a mad scientist, and a creature that is both monstrous and sympathetic.
2. Scientific Advances: Shelley's interest in science and her exposure to cutting-edge scientific developments inspired her to write Frankenstein. The story revolves around the idea of creating life through artificial means, which was a topic of fascination and speculation at the time. Shelley explored the potential consequences and ethical implications of such scientific endeavors.
3. Enlightenment Ideas: The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that emphasized reason, logic, and empiricism. Shelley's husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was a follower of Enlightenment ideals, and these ideas influenced Mary Shelley's writing. Frankenstein explores the tension between scientific progress and human hubris, questioning whether humans should pursue knowledge and power without regard for the potential consequences.
4. Personal Experiences: Shelley's personal experiences also shaped the creation of Frankenstein. The death of her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, shortly after Mary's birth, and the loss of her first child had a profound impact on her. These experiences may have influenced the themes of grief, loss, and the longing for immortality that are present in the novel.
5. Social Commentary: Frankenstein can also be seen as a social commentary on issues that were prevalent during the Industrial Revolution. Themes such as the dangers of unchecked scientific ambition, the role of women in society, and the treatment of marginalized individuals are woven throughout the story.
By blending these various influences and inspirations, Mary Shelley crafted a novel that combined Gothic horror, scientific exploration, philosophical inquiry, and personal experiences to create a timeless and influential work of literature.