Advantages:
- Starts with a general statement or theory and tests it through specific observations or experiments.
- Allows for the development of generalizable theories and laws.
- Provides a systematic and logical approach to research.
Disadvantages:
- Can be limited by the accuracy of the initial general statement or theory.
- May not be able to account for individual differences or exceptions.
- Can be time-consuming and expensive to conduct.
Induction
Advantages:
- Starts with specific observations or experiments and then develops a general statement or theory.
- Allows for the discovery of new theories and insights.
- Can be more flexible and adaptable than deduction.
Disadvantages:
- Can be difficult to generalize the findings to a larger population.
- May be biased by the researcher's own experiences and beliefs.
- Can be time-consuming and expensive to conduct.
Ultimately, the best research methodology depends on the specific research question being asked. Deduction is often used when the goal is to test a theory or hypothesis, while induction is often used when the goal is to explore a new topic or phenomenon.