1. Egyptian Hieroglyphs: One prevailing theory suggests that the Hebrew alphabet evolved from Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. Some early Hebrew letters have forms similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the direction of writing (right to left) is also consistent.
2. Proto-Canaanite Script: Another theory traces Hebrew letters to the Proto-Canaanite script, a writing system used in Canaan (the Levant) from around the 15th to 12th centuries BCE. The Proto-Canaanite alphabet was influenced by Egyptian hieroglyphs but was adapted for consonantal writing.
3. Influence from Multiple Sources: It's also possible that the Hebrew alphabet developed under the influence of multiple writing systems. Ancient Semitic scripts like the Ugaritic alphabet and Amorite script may have contributed to the formation of Hebrew letters.
4. Adaptation for Consonantal Writing: As the Hebrew alphabet evolved, it became primarily consonantal, with vowel sounds being indicated through diacritical marks. This consonantal writing system is similar to other ancient Semitic scripts.
5. Development over Time: The Hebrew alphabet has undergone changes and refinements over time. Certain letters may have changed forms or merged with others, influencing the appearance of the alphabet as it is known today.
It's important to note that while these theories provide possible origins for the Hebrew letters, the exact process of their formation remains a subject of scholarly debate.