Preschoolers are at that stage in their development where they most likely do a form of dramatic play on a daily basis. Whether they play dress-up at home or play pirates with a friend during a play date, these are both forms of dramatic play, as they are assuming a role and acting it out in whatever way their imagination leads them.
Introducing the concept of dramatic play might be confusing for young children, as they aren't going to be able to distinguish that type of play from the play they already do. It is too abstract for them to comprehend. Having a visual aid is useful to help children make that connection.
You can have a designated area or box that contains various items that will encourage dramatic play. For example, take a large cardboard box and invite your child or children to help decorate it. Decide on a name for the box together, such as the "Make-believe box" or the "Dress-up box." Have each child take a section of the box and ask them to decorate it in whatever way they wish. They might want to draw a scene from a favorite story, like "Jack in the Beanstock" or the "Three Little Pigs." Or they might want to use paints, crayons, stickers or glitter. Regardless of the tools they use, encourage each child to use their imagination. By having each child claim a section of the box, they will feel a part of the process.
If you decide to designate a specific area in your home (or classroom), ask each child to contribute an item to help decorate it. This might be a picture that they drew, a favorite stuffed animal or another item that holds some meaning for them. Together, create the space. Add a defining element, such as a sign that says "Drama Happening Here" or "Imagination Station" or "Kids at Play." Be sure the space is clearly marked off so that the children know this is a special area for this type of play.
Once you have your box or area decorated, it is now time to fill it.
Now that you have designated a space for this activity, you need to provide ideas to let those imaginations go wild.
Preschoolers are learning so many new things. At this age, they are like sponges; they just absorb all that is around them. Try including some scenarios that have relevance and meaning to them now, such as social situations they may be facing (i.e., bullying, sharing, going to school for the first time, eating out at a fancy restaurant, welcoming a new baby into the family, moving to a new house). Or pick out a few favorite stories and their characters. You can also use broader ideas, like animals on the farm or things in the ocean. This allows children to choose what role they would like to play.
Write the scenarios down on brightly colored paper and place them in envelopes, decorated with stickers and colors. Children will enjoy the excitement of pulling out a fun envelope and the anticipation of learning what role they get to play.
And what dramatic play would be complete without costumes and props! Fill the box with related costumes, such as hats or scarves, old Halloween costumes, or funny masks. You can also put in some materials for the children to create their own costumes based on the role they will play. This will give them some control over how their "character" looks.
Ideas for dramatic play are endless just like a child's imagination and creativity.