The best way to jump-start a toddler's education is with repetition. Repeat words and actions to help a toddler learn. One of the first things toddlers pick up on is color. Use small, single-color balls (make sure they are large enough so the toddler cannot fit them in his mouth). Start with just two colors (such as red and blue) and repeat the words for each ball while holding them up or letting the toddler hold them in his hand. Then, place one ball of each color in his hands (or hold them up) and ask him, "Where is the red ball?" You can also hide one of the balls and ask him what color you're holding. As he begins to master the two colors, add additional colored balls and repeat the process.
The alphabet is the first step toward reading and writing. Turn the lessons into a game so your child doesn't get tired or lose interest. Many ideas are available. You can print out large letters (one per page) on your computer and tape them around the house on items they represent (such as an O on the oven, a T on the television and an L on a lamp). Consider buying sticker paper from an office supply store and printing smaller letters. Cut them out and attach them to items, then let your child collect them in a sticker album after she correctly identifies the letter. Websites offer free printable coloring pages as well, complete with pictures of items that start with certain letters.
Chances are, you probably have on hand a few items that can teach your child important lessons about sorting, shapes and organizing. In a large bowl, pour cups of pantry staples such as dried macaroni, peanuts, rice and a square-shaped cereal. Then, place four smaller empty bowls on a table and ask your child to separate the items so that each one goes into its own separate bowl. (If you're worried about the child eating his lesson materials, you can use things such as cotton puffs, Q-tips and other household goods.) Toy stores and hobby shops have items you can buy (such as sparkly pompoms, pipe cleaners and other small items) but you may be able to find items around the house.