Provide a variety of different containers, such as clean plastic containers like milk jugs, drink bottles and empty shampoo bottles. Allow the child to pour water from one container to the next, to squirt the water out and to submerge a container under the water. Fill the containers with varying levels of water and drop them in the water. Talk about how the heavier the object, the bigger the splash and the deeper it sinks.
Discuss how water takes the shape of whatever container it is in. Pour water into a variety of different bottles. Try pouring water into shaped ice cube trays and place them in the freezer. Ask the toddler what she thinks will happen. After the ice has frozen, show the child the ice. Ask her if we put the ice into a bowl, will it take the shape of a bowl like the water did. Dump the ice into a bowl and explain that ice is a solid and does not change shape.
Show the child a feather, a cotton ball and a balloon and see if he can get them to float in the air by blowing on them. Show him how he can make them move across the ground by waving a magazine to create a breeze. Blow bubbles and talk about how they float in the air. Demonstrate how blowing near the bubbles changes where they go. Ask the child what he thinks will happen if you blow bubbles beside a fan.
Collect strong smelling items, such as half an orange, garlic, coffee or perfume on a cotton ball. Place the items in individual brown lunch bags. Form the top of the bag so that the toddler can sniff inside the bag but not see what's in it. You may choose to put a blindfold on her so she doesn't peek. Ask her which bags smell good. Ask her which ones smell like something yummy to eat. See if she can identify the different scents.
Another science activity is to cover the child's eyes and give her morsels of different foods. Ask her to identify them without seeing what they are. Give her similar textured foods with widely different flavors, such as a piece of a pickle and a piece of grape. See if she can name them and ask her to describe the flavors.