According to Oklahoma State Education Superintendent Sandy Garrett, memory, knowledge, creativity, problem-solving and decision-making skills are developed through play and practical exercises across a variety of academic disciplines. Identifying numbers, developing skills in counting and recognizing shapes and patterns are among the Pre-K math objectives. Language learning goals for Pre-K encompass basic listening, speaking and literacy skills. Other Pre-K objectives including self-expression, an understanding of cause and effect as well as an awareness of community and family is cultivated through other disciplines such as art, music, science and social studies.
The Pre-K curriculum involves various activities to help children develop the necessary skills to actively participate, work and interact with others. Pre-K learning goals include skills such as practicing good manners, sharing, taking turns, following rules and showing respect for other people and their property. Self-confidence, independence, participation in group activities, expression of feelings and the ability to focus are other emotional and social competencies Pre-K teachers aim to develop, according to the New Jersey State Department of Education.
Another objective of preschool education is the development of gross and fine motor skills alongside overall physical health. Arts, crafts and play help children to develop find motor skills including the ability to cut a straight line with scissors, apply glue, hold a pencil, assemble a puzzle and fasten zippers and buttons. Sports and physical play help kids to reach gross motor skill milestones such as climbing a ladder, skipping, throwing and catching a ball and balancing. An understanding of nutrition and personal hygiene are other objectives of Pre-K learning.
According to the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Early Childhood Section, developing an awareness of self and others are the emotional goals of Pre-K learning. Showing self-respect, expressing personal preferences, knowing personal information, demonstrating self-control and a developing a sense of personal responsibility are the self-awareness goals that preschool education strives to develop. Pre-K teachers also aim to cultivate students' capacity to build relationships based upon respect and mutual trust.