One experiment that is directly related to the effect an earthquake can have on a structure is to construct an earthquake-proof building and test it to determine if it can withstand an earthquake. Students learn what kinds of materials are most durable and desirable to use and why. Science Teacher Ted Latham describes two parts to this experiment on discoveryeducation.com: the actual building of the model and the mock earthquake to test it. Students need to create a tabletop earthquake generator, as well as the structure. (For guidance, see discoveryeducation.com.)
Weirdsciencekids.com describes how a wave tank can help illustrate how a tsunami happens, as well as show how earth movements can cause large waves to form. By filling a shallow tank with water and including a large flap on the bottom that can be manipulated up and down or back and forth, students can see how earth movements at the bottom of the ocean generate tidal waves. (For instructions, see weirdsciencekids.com.)
The Regents of the University of California describes a science project in which students create their own seismograph and test to see how it works. It helps students think creatively about how they might go about testing a shock wave. The experiment calls for them to draw their idea and then construct and test it. A suggested model is provided for students to try at cse.ssl.berkeley.edu.
A noteworthy 2009 science fair project examined a variety of different rocks in the San Francisco Bay area to determine which ones were the strongest and could withstand earthquakes the best. Students who wish to replicate this experiment should obtain different types of rocks and use steel pipes to push down on the rocks to test their durability. Results can help students better understand the type of material that is most resistant to earthquakes. (For assistance, see usc.edu/CSSF/History/2009/Projects/J0712.pdf.)