For National Closures (affecting all schools nationwide):
* The President of the Philippines: Usually, a national closure is declared through the President's office, often in response to widespread emergencies like typhoons, earthquakes, or a national health crisis (like a pandemic). This declaration is typically made public through official government channels, like Malacañang Palace (the presidential palace) announcements, presidential proclamations, or announcements from the Department of Education (DepEd).
For Regional or Local Closures (affecting schools in a specific region or locality):
* Regional Directors of DepEd: Regional offices of the Department of Education have the authority to suspend classes in their respective regions based on local conditions like severe weather or other emergencies. They'll make announcements through their official channels and local media.
* Local Government Units (LGUs): Mayors and governors may also issue suspension of classes based on local conditions, especially concerning natural disasters. These suspensions are usually communicated through the LGU's official channels and local media.
For Individual School Closures:
* School Head/Principal: A school head can close the school temporarily for specific reasons, such as localized emergencies, repairs, or special events. They inform parents and students through announcements, often via communication platforms like text messages, school websites, or social media. Usually, there needs to be justification, and they may need to seek approval from higher education authorities depending on the duration and reason.
In all cases, official announcements are crucial. Parents and students should rely on information coming directly from the DepEd, the President's office, LGUs, or the school itself, and be wary of unofficial sources. The process generally involves:
1. Assessment of the situation: Authorities assess the risk or the reason for potential closure.
2. Decision to close: A decision is made based on the assessment.
3. Official announcement: The decision is publicly announced through official channels.
4. Communication to stakeholders: Schools and relevant authorities communicate the decision to parents, students, and staff.
5. Implementation of closure: Schools are closed, and alternative learning arrangements, if necessary, are implemented.
The process is significantly influenced by the context. A sudden typhoon might lead to a very rapid closure announcement, while a planned event might allow for more organized communication.