Find a topic that’s appealing and specific. Make sure the subject interests you and fits the parameters of the assignment. A subject such as “fish” is too general; begin by limiting it to a subtopic, such as saltwater fish. List questions you have about the subtopic. Use a graphic organizer such as a cluster or a list to organize your thoughts. Read your list of questions and decide which one interests you most. Use that as the theme for your report.
Visit your school or public library to find information in books, encyclopedias, magazine articles and journals. Use the Internet as a resource, but proceed with caution. Articles on the Internet do not always include correct facts. You must use reputable sources and check publication dates. Interview or write to experts to gain knowledge on the topic. Use a variety of sources.
Write important facts and information on index cards. Turn the cards over and record pertinent reference information such as title, author, publisher, publication place, page number and copyright date. Review reference requirements beforehand. Write notes in your own words to avoid plagiarism. You must always give credit when you use someone else’s words or ideas.
Design a writing plan – an outline based on the notes you have written. Follow a logical sequence, including all main points. Under each main point, list the supporting details and how they relate to one another. An outline helps you organize thoughts and information.
Develop the outline into paragraphs to create a first, “rough” draft. Make sure it flows logically without gaps; stick to your purpose for writing. Write in the third person – he, it, they – and use transition words to connect paragraphs. The introduction should state your purpose and the conclusion should restate the theme of the report. You generally need to read, reread, analyze and revise this draft many times.
The final report should follow your teacher’s guidelines. Most teachers require a title page, body paragraphs and a bibliography. Neatly write or type the report on 8 1/2-by-11-inch paper. Leave 2-inch margins around the perimeter of the body pages and number all pages except the first.