One way to introduce the moon to a kindergarten child is to read "Kitten's First Full Moon" by Kevin Henkes. The book illustrates the phases of the moon and allows adults to start a discussion about the moon, the sun, planets and stars. Ask the child where the moon and sun are located. Talk about the differences between the sun and the moon.
The galaxy is pretty big, but showing the children some of its most important features in a diagram is important to help them visualize space. Show them pictures of the moon, the sun, stars, and the planets of the galaxy. Use black construction paper, glue, and glow-in-the-dark stars and circles to create a map of the galaxy with the children. As you show a picture of each celestial object, have the children use glue to attach glow-in-the-dark objects to the paper. Once all objects are identified, turn off the lights so the children will see the galaxy on the paper.
Play space exploration games with the NASA Kids' Club website and introduce them to space exploration. Use a computer with a projector to play Level 1 games on the website that help children identify objects and tools used in space. Explain how astronauts launch into space and use their tools.
Talk about what astronauts need on the moon to survive. Ask the children to imagine what they need to survive on Earth. Using construction paper, crayons, pencils, glue, and safe scissors, the kids can create a moon settlement on paper based on the objects identified in the conversation.