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How to Determine Reaction Rate in a Lab

In a chemical reaction, molecular species called reactants combine to form new species called products. Chemists describe reactions as mathematical equations by finding the simplest ratio of reactants to products. Stoichiometry, the process by which chemists determine the simplest ratios for reactions, also allows a chemist to determine the overall rate at which the concentrations of reactants and products stabilize. Using basic stoichiometry, you can determine the reaction rate for a chemical reaction you observed during a lab.

Instructions

    • 1

      Gather information from your pre-lab and lab notes. Write out the stoichiometric equation for the reaction, such as A + 2 B ' 3 C. Record the change in concentration of each reactant and product. Write down the amount of time during which those changes occurred.

    • 2

      Write out the equation for the rate of reaction, r = change in concentration divided by change in time. Select one reactant or product. Multiply the equation by -1 if you selected a reactant to ensure you get a positive rate of reaction. Multiply the equation by 1 divided by the stoichiometric coefficient of the species you chose. For example, r = - (1/2) (change [B] / change in time). In this equation, two B combine with one A to make three C.

    • 3

      Repeat your calculation with another species. For example, r = (1/3) (change [C] / change in time). Record the product as the rate of reaction if both equations provide the same value for r. Repeat your calculation with a third species if the equations provided different values for r. Record the average of all r-values as the rate of reaction.

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