Introduce the concept of plate tectonics to fifth-graders -- plate tectonics play a large role in volcanic eruptions. After the students research plate tectonics online, the information learned can be applied to a map of the world and of the United States. Give students a blank map of the world, and a blank map of the country. For the world map, ask the students to draw the continental plates. Ask them to mark the map of the country with the locations of major U.S. volcanoes.
To simulate a volcanic eruption in a fifth-grade classroom, teachers can instruct students to create a volcano out of gelatin. Unflavored gelatin is ideal for this activity, as it is see-through. Students should follow the instructions on the gelatin box to create a mold. Allow the mold to set for several hours, and then slowly inject colored water into the bottom. The water will make its way through the mold and erupt at the top, similar to a volcanic eruption. Once completed, teachers can explain what causes volcanoes to erupt so students better understand the process from a scientific perspective.
Another hands-on demonstration about volcanoes is cake-batter lava. This lesson illustrates how lava flows after a volcanic eruption. Teachers can prepare cake batter ahead of time. Then, using a baking sheet on an incline, pour the batter down. Students should measure how fast the batter flows, as well as the length and width of the flow. Students then can record their findings in a data table. The activity can be modified and executed at a variety of angles and inclines, so students better understand how lava flows. In addition, teachers can discuss the different types of lava.
For teachers hoping to send their students home with a project, a volcano model is the perfect suggestion for fifth-graders. This project can be completed at home and then brought into school for display. Students create a model volcano out of a small drink bottle, some water, baking soda, vinegar, food coloring, detergent and tissue. Once the structure is created, students create a realistic volcano out of dough or modeling clay, and then paint the structure. Students can create eruptions with baking soda and vinegar to show other students.