Determine what data you want the pictograph to represent. As an example, you can make a pictograph that represents the favorite fruit of each individual student.
Label the poster board with the name of the project. In this example, you could call it, "Our Favorite Fruits."
Using the markers, draw a picture of each fruit as the children name it. Alternatively, consider making fruit pictures out of construction paper ahead of time and taping one up each time a child names that particular fruit.
Review the pictograph with the children, so they can see how popular the various fruits are with their classmates.
Hang the pictograph in the classroom.