Select an object to use for your game of probability. For example, beginning students are just being introduced to the topic, so limit the possible outcomes to two by picking a two-sided coin or a piece of cardboard with different colors on the top and bottom. In an advanced study on the topic, dice can be used to illustrate greater numbers and changes in probability.
Determine the objective of the game. At the conclusion of the game, students will need to see how probability played a role in the outcome. For an object with two sides, you'll need to create a lesson with probable 50-50 outcome; if a six-sided die is used, you must illustrate the 1-in-6 likelihood of a number appearing during a particular roll.
Create the rules of the game and any charts the students must use to record results. Give students direction to flip the object or roll the dice a specific number of times. Distribute a sheet of paper divided into columns marked "heads" and "tails" if using a coin, or listing numbers on the dice. Tell students to make tally marks in the appropriate column each time they get a result.
Compare individual results to a compilation of numbers from the entire class. Write the total numbers on the chalkboard at the front of the room. Help students with the math, if they're not advanced enough to understand, so they can see the correlation between probability and results. Explain why the total numbers taken from everyone in the class are closer to the expected probability outcome than the limited sample size taken by individual students.