Are teachers allowed to hold students back a grade in elementary?

Whether a teacher can hold a student back a grade in elementary school varies significantly by location (state, district, and even individual school). While teachers may *recommend* retention, the final decision usually rests with a team, often including administrators, guidance counselors, special education staff (if applicable), and sometimes parents. There are typically specific criteria and procedures that must be followed. Some districts have policies strongly discouraging or even prohibiting retention, favoring other interventions. Therefore, there's no single yes or no answer.