The Philips 66 Method is an instructional strategy developed by J. Donald Philips in the 1940s. This collaborative learning technique involves dividing the class into small groups of six students each, where they discuss a topic or specific question for six minutes. The small groups then report back to the whole class. The Philips 66 method aims to involve a more significant proportion of the class in discussions and promote engagement and active participation.
Steps in Conducting Philips 66 Method:
1. Topic or Question Presentation: The teacher introduces the topic or question for discussion.
2. Forming Small Groups: The class is divided into small groups of six students, ideally at separate tables or in designated spaces.
3. Time Allocation: Each group has approximately six minutes to discuss the topic or answer the question.
4. Group Discussions: Within their respective groups, the students collaborate, exchanging ideas, opinions, and information. They may appoint one person as the group's spokesperson.
5. Reporting: After the discussion period, one representative from each group (usually the chosen spokesperson) reports the main points, ideas, or conclusions reached by their group.
6. Full-Class Discussion: Following all group reports, the entire class participates in a general discussion. The teacher facilitates the discussion, guiding it toward a larger synthesis or conclusion.
Benefits of the Philips 66 Method:
1. Inclusive Participation: Encourages a large number of students to actively engage in discussions, including those who might be hesitant to speak up in larger group settings.
2. Collaborative Learning: Fosters collaboration and teamwork as students work together in small groups, pooling ideas and perspectives.
3. Multiple Perspectives: Exposure to different viewpoints and ideas from several groups enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
4. Student-Centered Learning: Empowers students to lead their discussions within the small groups, building their self-confidence and agency.
5. Efficiency: Allows multiple discussions to occur simultaneously, maximizing the use of time in class.
The Philips 66 method is particularly suitable for larger class sizes where active engagement and inclusive discussions are essential. It promotes interaction, collaboration, and critical thinking, making it a flexible and effective teaching technique.