Adults voluntarily attend classes because they have an interest in the subject matter or are motivated to learn about it. In contrast, children attend class because it is mandatory and they are usually in a class with others their age. The level of interest in a children's class may vary more widely since children's interest stems from a level of curiosity as opposed to reaching an immediate goal. Therefore, teachers may need to use strategies to engage children's short-attention spans. Taking breaks or transitioning to different activities can help keep children interested. In contrast, adults are goal-motivated and their longer-attention spans enhance their ability to focus longer.
The teacher leads the lesson and disseminates information to children at a pace he believes is comfortable for the class. In contrast, adults are more active in the learning process and self-direct their learning. For example, self-directed learning can involve reading literature or watching a movie at the adult's pace before identifying useful information. According to Self-Directed Learning, when students engage in self-directed learning they are responsible for planning, completing and evaluating the bulk of their learning. On the other hand, teaching children may involve reading a book as a group, followed by a lecture by the teacher or doing other activities where the teacher controls the activity.
Adults have more of a background and life experiences they can contribute to the classroom environment. Teachers (adults) can effectively share their teaching role with adults and be open to mutual learning by encouraging adults to share their knowledge with the class. In contrast, children have limited background knowledge and experiences, so the teacher must lead the lesson in a more structured manner. When teaching children, teachers monitor the student's work carefully, reminding them to remain on task and repeating information to ensure the students grasp it.
Adults and children learn effectively in small groups. Adults may find it more difficult to take risks in front of other classmates, but small group discussions can enrich their learning. When children engage in small group learning, it can facilitate teamwork and sharing.