Draw a straight line though the center of the circle. Label the center of the circle "C" and the points where the diameter crosses the arc of the circle "A" and "B."
Place the point of the compass at point B and the marking tip at C, setting the radius of the compass to be equal to the radius of the circle. Draw an arc with this radius centered on B and intersecting the circle on both sides. Mark the points of intersection "D" and "E."
Draw a straight line from C to D and one from C to E. Lines CA, CD and CE divide the circle into three equal sections, because points D and E are each exactly 1/6 of the circle away from B, which is exactly 1/2 of the circle away from A.