New learning in math builds on prior knowledge. For example, students can’t add fractions if they don’t know how to find a common denominator. Before beginning a new math task, revisit prerequisite skills that directly correlate to the task at hand. Pay attention to mathematical terminology and definitions. Also, don’t underestimate the importance of having a solid foundation in basic arithmetic; the ability to competently perform simple calculations allows students to process higher-level problems more efficiently.
It should go without saying that students need to review newly acquired knowledge outside of class. However, many students go about this the wrong way. Students first should refresh their memories by reading over notes from class or a textbook lesson. For some, simply copying sample problems can be highly beneficial as it preps the brain for tackling problems independently. Students should then attempt to solve a variety of problems on their own, working through each problem step-by-step, trying not to refer to the examples so they learn the “how” and “why” of the particular problem-solving process. Additionally, some struggling students have a habit of working through problems too rapidly, increasing the chances of misunderstandings. So, slow down.
Get in the habit of always checking solutions when applicable, such as when solving algebraic equations. The best way to check an answer is to re-solve the problem via a different method. Not all answers can be easily checked, but sometimes textbooks provide solutions in an appendix or online. If so, check answers there; there is no sense in wasting an hour solving practice problems if they’re all being solved incorrectly.
While completing practice problems, questions often arise concerning the processes involved or how to handle a new type of problem. Struggling students often wait too long to ask questions, frequently saving them until right before quizzes or exam time. However, the sooner questions are addressed, the better. Some may be immediately answered by simply analyzing examples in the textbook or an online math platform. Others could be answered by a classmate, tutor, parent or even sibling. Any unresolved questions should be presented to the instructor as soon as possible.
If a student still is struggling with a topic despite taking the previous steps, then they need to seek professional assistance. An array of options exist. Many teachers and professors offer small-group study sessions or are more than happy to arrange to meet with students individually outside of class. Some schools offer math labs or tutoring centers or can help connect students with private tutors. Whichever options students choose, time is of the essence, because the sooner students get the support they need, the sooner their scores will begin to improve.