1. Sino-Tibetan Conflict: The central conflict discussed in the essay is the ongoing conflict between China and Tibet. Tsundue highlights the historical roots of Tibet's independence and sovereignty and critiques China's invasion and occupation of Tibet, emphasizing the cultural, linguistic, and religious suppression faced by Tibetans under Chinese rule.
2. Tibetan Cultural Conflict: Tsundue discusses the suppression of Tibetan culture and religion under Chinese rule. He describes the destruction of monasteries, restrictions on the practice of Tibetan Buddhism, and attempts to control the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, leading to cultural conflicts between indigenous Tibetan practices and imposed Chinese policies.
3. Tibetan Identity Conflict: The essay touches upon the issues of Tibetan identity and the challenge of maintaining Tibetan culture and language in the face of aggressive assimilation policies carried out by the Chinese government. Tsundue argues that Tibetans are forced to conform to dominant Chinese culture, eroding their unique identity and causing internal conflicts within Tibetan society.
4. Human Rights Conflict: Tsundue mentions the repression of human rights in Tibet, including instances of torture, arrest, and imprisonment of Tibetan activists and the violation of individual freedoms, leading to conflict between the Tibetan people and Chinese authorities.
5. International Recognition Conflict: The essay also notes the conflict concerning international recognition of the Tibetan conflict. Tsundue argues that many countries have chosen to remain silent or maintain diplomatic ties with China due to economic interests, despite evidence of severe human rights abuses in Tibet.