* Vocabulary: While sharing cognates (words with a common origin), each language has developed its own unique vocabulary reflecting its history and interaction with other languages (English, Norse, etc.). Manx, being the smallest and having experienced a period of suppression, shows the greatest divergence.
* Grammar: They are all highly inflected languages, meaning word endings change to show grammatical relationships (like tense, number, and case). This system is more complex than in many modern languages like English. The exact grammatical features differ between the three, again showing the influence of history and contact with other languages.
* Sound Systems (Phonology): While sharing similarities in sounds, pronunciation varies across the three. Some sounds present in one may be absent or have shifted in another.
* Literature and Oral Tradition: Each Gaelic language possesses a rich body of literature, encompassing ancient myths, legends, poetry, prose, and modern works. Oral traditions, including storytelling and song, have also played a significant role in preserving the languages.
* Cultural Identity: The Gaelic languages are intrinsically linked to the cultural identities of Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. They reflect the history, beliefs, and traditions of their speakers. Their continued use and revival are vital to maintaining these cultural heritages.
* Dialects: Within each language, there are various dialects reflecting regional variations in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The degree of mutual intelligibility between dialects can vary considerably.
In short, the Gaelic languages contain not only a system of communication but also a vast cultural legacy and a powerful connection to the history and identity of their speakers. They are more than just words; they are living expressions of culture.