To express the idea, you'd need a descriptive phrase. The best phrasing would depend on the *specific* job. For example:
* For a pilot: You might use something like "pìleat" (pilot - this is an English loanword already adapted into Gaelic). Or a more descriptive phrase like "duine a bhios a' fheitheamh air plèana" (a person who flies planes).
* For an astronaut: "speuradair" (astronomer) might be close, but it's not a perfect fit. A more accurate phrase would likely be something like "neach-cosmair" (cosmonaut - another loan word) or a longer descriptive phrase.
In short, there's no single Gaelic word for "skyeman." You need a phrase that conveys the specific occupation.