Parentheses ( )
* Stage Directions: Parentheses often contain stage directions. These are instructions for actors, directors, and stage crew about actions, movements, gestures, tone of voice, or even set design.
* Example: "John (slams the door) and storms off."
* Thoughts or Asides: Sometimes, parentheses indicate a character's internal thoughts or an aside, a comment whispered directly to the audience that other characters on stage don't hear.
* Example: "Mary (to herself) I can't believe he said that."
* Alternative Word Choices: In some cases, parentheses might enclose alternative words or phrases that could be used instead of the primary word.
* Example: "He was a (really/very) good friend."
Italics * *
* Emphasis: Italics often highlight a word or phrase for emphasis. This could be used to show a character's emotional state, to call attention to a particular idea, or to distinguish a key point.
* Example: "I *must* leave now!"
* Title of a Play or Work: The titles of plays or other works are typically italicized.
* Example: *Hamlet*
* Foreign Words or Phrases: Italics can be used to indicate foreign words or phrases that aren't part of the standard English language.
* Example: "He spoke in *faux pas*."
How to Read Them:
* Pause and Consider: When you see parentheses, take a moment to understand what information they contain. Consider how they might affect the character's actions or how they shape your interpretation of the scene.
* Read Aloud: Reading the play out loud can help you understand the nuances of parentheses and italics. Pay attention to how the stage directions and other cues change the tone and meaning of the dialogue.
* Use the Context: The surrounding text will provide context for the use of parentheses and italics. Pay attention to the characters' actions, their emotions, and the overall situation to decipher the meaning.
Remember, understanding the purpose of parentheses and italics is crucial for a complete and accurate understanding of the play. They offer valuable insights into the characters, the plot, and the overall message the playwright wants to convey.