"Biguns" refers to the adult animals, specifically the pigs who take on leadership roles and become the ruling class in the farm. They are depicted as being more knowledgeable and experienced than the younger animals, which gives them the authority to make decisions for the entire farm. The term "biguns" highlights their perceived superiority and dominance.
On the other hand, "littluns" refers to the young and inexperienced animals, such as piglets, puppies, and other young creatures on the farm. They represent the vulnerable and powerless members of society who have limited influence or control over their own lives. The use of the term "littluns" emphasizes their dependence and lack of agency in the face of the hierarchical system established by the "biguns."
This distinction between "biguns" and "littluns" symbolizes the power dynamics and social inequalities that often arise in societies when certain groups assert dominance over others. It reflects Orwell's critique of totalitarianism and the way it can distort social structures, leading to the exploitation of less powerful members of society.
In the context of the farm's transformation under the leadership of pigs, the term "biguns" reflects the pigs' gradual shift towards authoritarianism and self-serving behavior, while the term "littluns" underscores the marginalization and oppression of the other animals. Orwell uses this distinction to comment on the ways in which power corrupts and disrupts the principles of equality and fairness that the animals initially stood for.