When used to introduce a list, a colon is placed after the introductory phrase or sentence and before the list items. For example:
There are three main types of writing:
* Fiction: This type of writing tells a story, usually with made-up characters and events.
* Nonfiction: This type of writing presents real facts and information.
* Poetry: This type of writing uses figurative language to create a sensory experience for the reader.
When used to introduce an explanation, a colon is placed after the statement that needs explaining and before the explanation. For example:
The sky was blue: there were no clouds in sight.
When used to introduce an example, a colon is placed after the statement that needs illustrating and before the example. For example:
The following are examples of fiction:
* Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling
* The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien
* The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins
When used to separate two closely related independent clauses, a colon is placed after the first clause and before the second clause. For example:
The sky was blue: the sun was shining.
Colons can also be used in other writing contexts, such as in titles, headings, and subheadings. For example:
Title: The Art of Writing: A Guide for Students
Heading: Chapter 1: The Writing Process
Subheading: 1.1 Prewriting