Animals make a great research paper topic for children. As an added bonus, this topic can help spark an interest in science and nature. Encourage children to write about a specific animal's habits, the way an animal affects its ecosystem or how a group of animals interacts with one another.
Most children develop heroes from history at a young age, so assigning a paper about historical figures can be a learning opportunity. Consider allowing a child to pick his own historical figure by assigning a particular period in history rather than a person. When children write about history and the people who shaped it, they begin to understand political and social systems.
Consider assigning an opinion-based research paper. Allow a student to pick a topic she has a strong opinion on. She can then research the topic and provide data to back up her beliefs. When children learn how to support their opinions with facts, they become strong critical thinkers.
Most children have strong opinions about music, and music can teach kids about math, science and even history. Assign children a music-based research project. They can research their favorite musical artist, analyze the history of a genre of music or research the metaphors in the lyrics of a particular song.
Children who love reading may be thrilled at the prospect of learning more about their favorite book character. Ask children to research the historical period when their favorite book takes place, a political movement mentioned in a book or the social conditions under which a book's story unfolds.