Generally, teachers can refuse recess to a child as a form of discipline. However, they cannot take away recess from a student arbitrarily for no specific reason. Certainly, denying recess can be a motivator for following classroom rules, but for some children it can only cause a buildup of energy and inattention throughout the day. Good teaching practices promote giving children the opportunity for unstructured playtime. Check with your local school district to see if specific recess requirements are part of the curriculum.
Typically, recess gives students a break between classes with the opportunity for free play and socialization. Physical education provides children with planned instruction of specific physical activities. Some states have enacted legislation to implement a minimum amount of time for physical activity during the school day. No states have specifically written legislation to require unstructured recess time. Texas and Arizona require a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity daily. Michigan only states that the "opportunity" to take part in physical activity be provided. Arkansas legislation "urges" schools to provide at least a 10-minute recess in the morning and afternoon. Connecticut requires students to take part in daily physical activity but does not give a minimum amount of time and does not necessarily imply that it take place as recess. Indiana law states school districts must provide elementary students with daily physical exercise, which may include recess. However, the school does not have to provide time for activity if there is inclement weather or unexpected events. Oklahoma encourages local school districts to provide elementary students with at least a 20-minute recess daily.
School districts can write their own district-specific mandates regarding recess. Some districts state that a daily recess for elementary students is required but do not specify the minimum amount of time. Other school districts have a written policy stating that teachers cannot take away physical activity as a form of punishment but do not specifically refer to recess as physical activity.
Unstructured playtime is a crucial part of developing physical health, social interaction skills and problem solving abilities. Recess can improve intellectual capabilities and increase the attention span and retention of information for children in the classroom. There are a variety of alternatives to keeping students in during recess. Have the student complete unfinished work during designated free time in the classroom. The child could write an apology letter stating what he did wrong and how he will improve his behavior. Schools may enforce a detention program and assign students a set time during or after school to serve time for their misbehavior. Working with the child and his family to create a behavior plan that will reward good behavior with motivating reinforcements is a good way to address a chronic behavior issue.