Measuring the perimeter of circles -- in this case lids from jars and cans -- requires a different method than with objects that have straight sides, such as squares or triangles. Allow students to work on their own to develop their own methods. Some may attempt to use a ruler, but they can be guided toward using something flexible like a string that can be wrapped around the circle and then laid next to a ruler. In addition, measure the diameter and radius using a ruler. Determine the value of pi by dividing the circumference -- the perimeter of a circle -- by the diameter.
Cut shapes, such as triangles and squares, from heavy paper. Determine the area of each by measuring the shape and using the formula for the area of the shape. For example, the area of a square is the length of one side multiplied by itself. Assemble the smaller pieces into larger shapes -- such as two triangles to form a square, or a square and a triangle to form a trapezoid. Determine the area of the larger shapes by adding the areas of the smaller shapes that were used to form it. For example, the area of a square made from two triangles is equal to the area of the two triangles added together. Compare this to the area determined by measuring the larger shapes.
Measure the volume of an object by determining its capacity. Select a hollow object -- such as a box or a plastic toy -- and fill it completely with water. Pour the water into a graduated cylinder to determine the volume. Use direct measurement to determine the volume of a regular object like a cube or a prism. For example, the formula for the volume of a cube is the length of the side multiplied by itself twice. Measure volume through displacement by filling a beaker completely with water and placing an object in the beaker. Capture and measure the volume of water that spills out of the beaker. This is also the volume of the object. Repeat all measurements at least three times to ensure consistency.
By designing a community park, students learn to measure distances, angles and perimeters in a real-world situation. Visit an empty lot or soccer field to determine the total space required. Measure the perimeter of the planned park using ropes or measuring tapes, and then calculate the area. Convert this to a scale drawing that fits on a large piece of paper. Choose shapes to represent the features of the park, such as circles for fountains or squares for benches and hedges. Measure the area taken up by the features and calculate the total area covered by each type of feature. Measure distances and angles between the park features. Finalize and present the park diagram to the class.