Curriculum:
* Emphasis on the basics: Reading, writing, and arithmetic remained the core curriculum, with a strong focus on rote memorization. Grammar and spelling were heavily emphasized.
* Limited electives: Opportunities for electives were fewer than today. Most students followed a fairly standardized curriculum.
* Vocational training: Growing importance was placed on vocational training, especially in response to the Great Depression, with programs focusing on practical skills relevant to employment.
* Civic education: Patriotism was a significant component, reflecting the rising tensions in Europe. History lessons often focused on national narratives.
* Science: Science education was present, but often more descriptive than experimental. Lab equipment and resources could be limited, particularly in poorer schools.
School Environment:
* Discipline: Discipline was stricter than today. Corporal punishment (physical punishment) was common in many schools. Students were expected to be quiet, obedient, and respectful of authority.
* Segregation: In many parts of the United States, schools were still racially segregated. Black schools often had fewer resources and less qualified teachers than white schools.
* Technology: Technology in schools was minimal. Typewriters might be present in typing classes, but computers were not yet a part of the educational landscape. Audio-visual aids were rare.
* Building conditions: School buildings varied greatly in quality. Some were modern and well-maintained, while others were old, overcrowded, and in need of repair. Rural schools often had limited resources.
* Class sizes: Class sizes were often larger than today.
Social Context:
* Great Depression's impact: The Great Depression still had a significant impact on many schools. Funding was often scarce, leading to shortages of materials, teachers, and adequate facilities. Many families struggled to afford even basic school supplies.
* Pre-war anxieties: The looming threat of war in Europe cast a shadow over many schools. News reports and discussions about the conflict were common. Air raid drills were beginning to appear in some areas.
It's important to remember that this is a general overview. The experience of attending school in 1939 would have been significantly different for students in different parts of the country and different socioeconomic backgrounds. The differences between urban and rural schools, or between wealthy and poor districts, were likely more pronounced than they are today.