- Numerical: Assigns numerical scores (percentages or points) to assessments.
- Letter: Uses letters (e.g., A, B, C, D, F) to represent ranges of numerical scores.
- Pass/Fail: Indicates whether a student has met a minimum threshold for passing.
- Unsatisfactory/Satisfactory: Similar to Pass/Fail, but with more nuanced distinctions.
2. Standards-Based Grading System:
- Focuses on whether students have mastered specific learning standards.
- Uses descriptors or rubrics to define levels of achievement for each standard.
- Grades may be reported as:
- Proficient/Developing/Emerging
- Mastery/Partial Mastery/No Mastery
3. Competency-Based Grading System:
- Similar to standards-based grading, but emphasizes demonstrating competence rather than just meeting standards.
- Grades are based on whether students can consistently perform specific tasks.
- Often uses a binary system: Competent/Not Competent
4. Mastery Learning Grading System:
- Based on the idea that all students can learn, given enough time and support.
- Students must demonstrate mastery of a topic or skill before moving on to the next one.
- Grades are reported as:
- Mastered/Not Mastered
- Proficient/Developing/Needs Improvement
5. Alternative Grading Systems:
- Narrative Reporting: Uses written descriptions or comments to assess student progress and provide feedback.
- Portfolios: Collections of student work that showcase their progress and achievements over time.
- Conferences: In-person or virtual meetings between teachers, students, and parents to discuss student performance.
- Exhibitions: Public presentations of student work, often showcasing projects and achievements.