In the text of your paper, you should include citations whenever you refer to or paraphrase another source's ideas or information. An in-text citation includes the author's last name and the publication year of the source. For example:
(Author, Year)
-Smith (2023) stated...
(Smith, 2023,
pp. 34-45)
- Smith (2023) found that...
If the source has more than two authors, use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (without italics) in the in-text citation.
(Author et al., Year)
- Jones et al. (2023) argue...
When multiple works are cited in the same sentence or paragraph, list the citations in alphabetical order by author's last name.
- (Jones et al., 2023; Smith, 2023) ...
- (Jones et al., 2023, Smith, 2023) ...
References List
At the end of your paper, you should include a references list that provides complete information for all of the sources that you cited in your paper. The references list should be formatted in APA style, with double-spaced lines, and an alphabetical order by author.
Here are some examples of APA-formatted references:
- Book:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publisher.
e.g.
- Jones, R. F. (2023). Learning statistics. Jones Publishers, Inc.
- Journal article:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, volume(issue), page numbers.
e.g.
- Smith, H. R. (2023) Exploring the Relationship between Education and Job Opportunities in Rural Areas, International Journal of Education Research, 2(4), 1-15.
- Website:
Author, A. A. (Date of publication or last update). Title of the document or webpage. Website URL.
e.g.
- Garcia, M. (2023, March 16). The History of APA Style, The American Psychological Association, retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/style/history/index.aspx