For federal taxes, there are no tax deductions homeschoolers can take when filing taxes. The only education deductions that are applicable are those related to post high school education.
While there are no deductions in general for homeschoolers, if you are homeschooling a child with a learning disability, you can file for tax benefits. These benefits can be claimed as far as three years back with an amended return. Learning disabilities can include ADHD, ADD, even forms of dyslexia. If you did not file in the past, make sure to amend your return and file for a tax credit on IRS Form 970.
Currently, there are three states that offer help for homeschoolers. The help comes in the form of a tax credit. In Illinois, a list of qualified education expenses includes curriculum rental and tuition. In Louisiana, instructional expenses can be credited. In Minnesota, anything used in an educational capacity during a normal school day can be used as a credit on your state taxes. Qualified expenses do not include travel, research, clerical help or equipment in any of the three states that allow tax credits.